“The Last Frontier”, is the colonization period. Surveyors lay out roads and divide the land into lots. Immigrants from Europe pour into Ontario to buy lots, start farming and survive a year of starvation. Many small towns are founded. Weather observers and storm signals warn mariners of bad weather. Lumbering extends even into the Greenock Swamp and furniture factories profit from easily available timber, but clear-cutting leads to destructive bush fires. The settlers’ need for land impacts the Saugeen Ojibway and the Métis, and also alters the local ecosystems.